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教育・研究

【淡水生物学研究所】第6回IFBセミナー:淡水域のマイクロプラスチック汚染概論

【2022.10.27】
第6回IFBセミナー

日時:2022年11月9日(水)14:30-16:00

場所:長野大学淡水生物学研究所・会議室(上田市小牧1088)

演者:Dr. Alessandra Cera (IFB, Researcher)

演題:Overview on microplastic pollution of freshwater ecosystems: knowledge
gaps and future perspectives

要旨:Plastics are a wide range of synthetic polymers having different chemical
characteristics and physical properties. Among plastics, microplastics (plastics
ranging from 1 µm to 5 mm) are globally recognised pollutants contaminating soil,
air, and water. Research has established that microplastics and their additives
negatively impact organisms; also, microplastics can be a carrier of chemicals,
heavy metals, adsorbed on their hydrophilic surface. However, the environmental
threshold to which they can be considered a threat to the ecosystem functionality
has not yet been established.
The understanding of the dynamic biogeological process of microplastic dispersal
in fresh waters is an ongoing field of research which has made significant
improvements in recent years in the assessment of sources, sinks, risk for
organisms. Some focal points of the scientific literature are on the role of
wastewater treatment plant outflow discharges to the increase of contamination
by microplastics of rivers; the biodiversity of “plastisphere”, defined as the
community inhabiting buoyant plastics; microplastic sedimentation pattern. To
date, there is no technique to neither remove microplastic and reduce its
bioavailability from the environment so the factors regulating their entrapment in
sediment is a topic of growing interest.
By a management point of view, new policies and recommendations aim at
limiting the industrial production of microplastics by factories, but the creation of
microplastics by the fragmentation of larger plastics, macroplastics (plastics > 5 mm),
due to exogenous factors, such as solar radiation and wind, is still a topic to
be more thoroughly engaged in future regarding both its qualitative and quantitative data.
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